Hazing Research Paper Example

Right of passage Research Paper Example Right of passage Paper Right of passage Paper The Right Form of Brotherhood? Fraternity, as indicated by Merriam Webster word reference, Is the condition or nature of being siblings. It Is a relationship of men, a society or association, joined for normal purposes. In any case, this fraternity has its conditions. Individuals need to experience right of passage which fills in as a custom which includes mortifying, mishandling, and irritating as a method of starting an individual into the gathering. On the off chance that fellowship is what these gatherings are for, at that point for what reason do preliminaries exist? Last July 2014, Guilt Servants, a 18-year old Bindle sophomore kicked the bucket from inception, ND initiation has indeed demonstrated its revolting side and will keep on assaulting lives if this custom wont stop. In year backtalk, there were in excess of 10 survivors of initiation who kicked the bucket, and Its such a staggering event, in light of the fact that a decent fates hanging tight for these understudies, and as of recently, a portion of different casualties cases stay unsolved. They state that crew Is for fellowship. They become a family and siblings. How does preliminaries add to fraternity? By owing your life to It? Isnt the entire Idea of inception inept and failed? As a matter of fact, siblings should think about one another. They would give every others needs without anticipating anything consequently. If so, at that point it isn't fraternity. This is the thing that you call underestimating. Pioneers of these associations underestimate shortcomings of started individuals so as to Join the development which is pitiless and out of line. On the off chance that your expectation is unadulterated and clean, initiation is clearly superfluous. : The mischief and threat of Joining societies/sororities Is clear these days, and It Is disturbing that there are understudies who passed on from It. A statement says that None of you accepts until what he wants for his sibling what he wants for myself. In the event that fraternity Is the thing that these associations advance, at that point these individuals are treating It terribly. They are simply siblings and families, since they are a piece of a similar association however not on the grounds that by heart. Whats the purpose of joining a fraternity arrangement in the event that it demonstrates no genuine worth? A sibling needs himself to be a superior man, and wishes the equivalent for his sibling. There is an Anti-Hazing Law yet it appears that it isn't appropriately executed in all colleges due to its constant event consistently. Likewise, instances of these casualties stay unsolved and they may wind up not having the Justice cap they merit. We should all shun these arrangements, since genuine fellowship (and furthermore sisterhood) originates from the heart and not on the grounds that you are In a similar Initiation. A great deal of possibilities and a ton of chances are walling for us later on, and we dont need to chance our lives and let those odds and openings be squandered to no end. By these things occurring and the out of line decisions given to the people in question and assist you with securing Positions, loan you cash, and acquaint you with high-profiled individuals, however its not fellowship. You dont need to do such a barbarous thing Just in light of the fact that these individuals sick be getting profits by you. Siblings are not siblings since they need something from one another. Siblings are siblings since they needed something very similar for the them two. Furthermore, that will be fruitful and be a productive member of society of the nation. Let us not advance the kind of fraternity they are attempting to advance. Let us reestablish the mankind we once had. Let us spare lives and advance the kind of fellowship that we as a whole know is correct. Lets not Join these developments as something great anticipates in front of us. Joining these arrangements would leave us no place. Let us regard the law. Let us value our lives.

Debunking 10 Common Job Search Myths

Exposing 10 Common Job Search Myths Psst†¦if you don’t carry seven duplicates of your resume to the meeting, imprinted on costly paper, they won’t pay attention to you. Gracious, and on the off chance that you don’t catch up with Human Resources once per day, consistently after your meeting, they’ll overlook you exist. †¦Pass it on! The quest for new employment is one of those procedures that is strangely controlled (when is the last time you saw a resume that wasn’t templated almost to death?), yet additionally subject to old wives’ stories and everybody thinking they know best. (But we do. Trust.) It can be difficult to tell what counsel to depend on, and which to think about while taking other factors into consideration. In that soul, let’s take a gander at probably the most well-known bits of quest for new employment tried and true way of thinking, and perceive how it piles up, reality-wise.Myth: You don’t need an introductory letter anymore.This is a mainstream one in this period of computerized requests for employment and anonymous occupation motor locales. The expression â€Å"cover letter† itself passes on a former time: you would envelop your resume by a paper-life substance secured with words about your aims, your capabilities, and your energy to talk inside and out about this chance, at that point place it in another paper spread, whereupon a government employee would pass on your bundle to a â€Å"mailbox.† Quaint, no?In reality, the introductory letter does in fact fill a need, regardless of whether the whole procedure is taken care of on the web. It causes offer setting to your resume, and puts a voice to your details. Your resume might be impartially inspected for catchphrases by a robot inside a hamster wheel (that’s how those locales work, right?), yet sooner or later your bundle will be seen by a human hoping to enlist you. It’s great practice to compose an introductory letter to join t o your resume, paying little mind to how you send in your package.Myth: Never quit a place of employment without having another bid for employment first.Ideally, sure, you’d have your next activity arranged while you’re as yet working, and have a consistent progress starting with one then onto the next. Be that as it may, you know what doesn’t consistently line up effectively? Life. Here and there leaving your place of employment is the correct alternative, paying little heed to what you have coming up straightaway. Not having a vocation arranged can make your pursuit of employment progressively confused, however this isn’t a high contrast issue.Myth: Add HR individuals to your system for future opportunities.According to profession master Hannah Morgan, this isn't the best utilization of your time or systems administration vitality. HR experts are normally centered around filling explicit jobs at explicit occasions. They may not think about future openin gs, or even think to dig their own systems for openings that have just come up. You’re happier systems administration with individuals in your objective divisions at explicit companies.Myth: Enthusiasm and energy exceed understanding for reach positions.I wish this one were valid! Tragically, actually conquering an absence of experience is a significant test for individuals hoping to step up, or individuals attempting to change professions. While it’s not an outlandish test, particularly if you’re submitted, there’s no simple path around an absence of experience. In a perfect world, you’d be excited and enthusiastic while effectively attempting to get more understanding. Be that as it may, while enthusiasm alone may get you spunkiness extra focuses, it may not convert into a bid for employment. In the event that you’re attempting to demonstrate your devotion to the activity, in any event, when you don’t have the most experience, you c an help yourself by fitting your resume to underline aptitudes over experience, and utilize the meeting as a stage to discuss different ways you’re qualified for the position.Myth: You can’t change vocation ways after you pick one.Ever knew about celebrated paper proofreader Walt Disney? Or on the other hand what about unbelievable official Julia Child? No profession choice is a perpetual one, in the event that you don’t need it to be. In some cases we simply grow out of old decisions and profession choices aren’t resistant from that. Or on the other hand possibly your vocation way isn’t what you figured it would be the point at which you began. Or on the other hand perhaps you simply feel prepared for a change. Whatever the explanation, you can generally get ready to begin once again in another field. There are difficulties in doing the switch-understanding? Openings for work? Aptitudes?- however on the off chance that you’re put resources into this change and make arrangements to get the experience and abilities you need (or are happy to begin from the base), there’s nothing halting you.Myth: All you need is a decent resume.A great resume is the focal point of your request for employment bundle, that part is valid. In any case, it’s by all account not the only thing, and you can’t depend on it to get you from first hope to proposition for employment. You have to fabricate the remainder of your bundle around it. Indeed, even extraordinary resume probably won't have the option to defeat a â€Å"meh† meeting or more regrettable, and effectively terrible one.It’s essential to have the option to put your resume subtleties (aptitudes, experience, vocation features) in setting, and to have the option to discuss them soundly and unhesitatingly. You need your voice as a candidate to come through, and that comes by means of the meeting, not simply the visual cues on paper (or screen). When yo u send off your resume, that’s your beginning stage for talk with prep. Practice your handshake, concoct explicit stories that exhibit your abilities, and don’t neglect to carry inquiries to ask.Myth: Hiring administrators will have the option to draw an obvious conclusion on my capabilities for this job.Don’t leave anything to risk! In the event that you need the organization to know you’d be a solid match due to your correspondence and initiative aptitudes, let them know! Don’t rely on a HR rep or a questioner to accept that dependent on your instruction, or past occupations, that you’d be a solid match for the position. Utilize the introductory letter and the meeting furthering your best potential benefit to make associations with the set of working responsibilities, and ensure you hit the focuses you need to hit.Myth: I’m plainly qualified, so the mechanized application framework will push me to the top.Remember the thing I just s aid about not underestimating things? This goes twofold for modernized application forms. At the point when you deal with your resume for this application, ensure you’re utilizing the same number of catchphrases from the expected set of responsibilities as you can, just as planning how to make your resume pop, even in robot eyes. Knowing how these robotized motors procedure and let out the information in your resume is an amazingly accommodating apparatus in effectively attempting to game the application framework. [via Lifehacker]Myth: You should remain in consistent contact with the recruiting division so they know how drawn in you are.Follow-up is extraordinary. A card to say thanks is basic. Yet, from that point forward, normally registering to perceive how the post-talk with process is moving along is anything but an extraordinary methodology. For a certain something, they might be seeing different applicants, or doing an inner audit process. Recruiting can have a ton of moving parts, and in the event that somebody is out on an extended get-away for a couple of days or there are various qualified applicants, you may not land the moment position offer that you may want to get.After you present a resume, it’s best to hold up until you get notification from the company†¦reaching out at that stage won’t fundamentally help get your resume seen or considered. After you have a meeting, send your thank you around the same time, and afterward give them at any rate seven days. At the multi week point, it’s alright to begin checking in at times (yet just sometimes). Also, there are other, less obtrusive approaches to catch up after the meeting, if you’re feeling particularly restless and don’t need to pester the recruiting director or forbearing HR rep.Myth: Your best openings for work are found online.The interweb is truly outstanding, most comprehensive instruments you have in your pursuit of employment arms stockpile . You can discover organizations and openings that you may never have thought to look for, and can have your resume in someone’s delivers the time it takes to send an email. In any case, don’t check out disconnected techniques, either.There’s something to be said for classic, organizing: most occupations are as yet filled by either inner up-and-comers or by candidates straightforwardly alluded by workers. (There’s an explanation such a significant number of organizations offer referral rewards for workers who get recently recruited employees. What's more, who doesn’t like gaining money for their companions?) So while work motors can widen your pursuit of employment, don’t depend on them solely to land that position offer in your hands.There’s so much vocation exhortation out there, and it very well may be difficult to tell what’s valid, what used to be valid, and what just isn’t valid. Setting aside the effort to thoroug hly consider (and do some examination) about which of our most loved quest for new employment axioms and â€Å"facts† will make you a more slender, meaner applicant outfitted with the best data to settle on choices for your own vocation and quest for new employment.

Writing on Essay Writing Topics For TOEFL

Writing on Essay Writing Topics For TOEFLWhen it comes to essay writing topics for TOEFL, the first place that students should start is with the basics. Essay writing topics for TOEFL use the language and vocabulary of the test, which is similar to the type of language used in other standardized exams.One of the best essay writing topics for TOEFL uses the word 'a' and there are five types of essays. These five types of essays include the first essay type, the second essay type, the essay type using verbs, the essay type using adjectives, and the essay type using adverbs.As you may not know, many of the other topics for TOEFL require advanced writing skills, but in this case the basics are good enough to get through the course. Many students who do not have advanced writing skills may find that these topics for TOEFL work well for them.Writing about a variety of different subjects can help improve the overall understanding of the student. The ability to learn about different subjects at a faster rate allows the student to expand his knowledge base and become better educated in a shorter period of time. The essays help build confidence as well, which helps with those challenges that come with higher levels of education.When you first start to write on any topic for TOEFL, you need to make sure that you practice all the writing styles and conventions that are in the text. Essays should always be formatted in a certain way, so you need to find a good resource to get you started.Once you have practiced the basic points of each essay, you will start to make better connections and understand more about the materials you are studying. The goal of the essays is to help improve your vocabulary, pronunciation, and readability, which makes sense because the essay is intended to be read by others as well.Because the text has many uses, it is important to make sure that you research the paper before you start to write. A lot of the essays that appear on topics for TOEFL are written in a certain way, so the writer should pay attention to how the essay flows and look for the flow of the paper when you are writing.You also want to make sure that the paper does not have too many spelling or grammar errors, because they can affect your grade negatively. You do not want to give off a bad impression of yourself when it comes to your grades, and this is where research comes in handy.

Family Tree Lesson Plans - Genealogy

The Controversial Issue Of Vaccines - 1350 Words

Vaccines, a topic that remains a debated and contentious issue not only in the media but also in the homes of many, which is partly as a result of the comments made in the recent Republican primary debate in regards to this issue. Both Donald Trump and Ben Carson expressed their concern about the problematic vaccines schedules that are currently in place in the U.S. Today, children are required to get an average of thirty vaccines by the age of eighteen and fourteen of them before the age of two, where as years ago it was only about ten throughout childhood. Thankfully, since this is such a high amount no doctor is allowed, said by the CDC in 1983, to give a child more than four shots at a time. Dr. Ben Carson, a pediatric neurosurgeon, states, â€Å"It is true that we are probably giving way too many [vaccinations] in too short a period of time. And a lot of pediatricians now recognize that, and, I think, are cutting down on the number and the proximity in which [they] are doneâ₠¬  (Carson, CNN). Donald Trump backs Dr. Carson in his concern as Trump agrees that spreading the vaccine schedule out will lower concern and possibly even side effects that put parents in fear for vaccines. It’s clearly a matter of public concern. In response to the public’s questioning and challenging current vaccination standards, some physicians have begun to question the logic behind the current schedules and have even implemented their own ideas as a result. Dr. Robert Sears, a pediatrician, createdShow MoreRelatedFree Speech Is The Cornerstone Of The American Freedom1719 Words   |  7 Pagesalways included the freedom to speak freely. This freedom, granted by the 1st amendment, can be viewed as the cornerstone of the American freedom since without it most of the other freedoms Americans enjoy become less useful or even obsolete. The issue that many find with free speech however is that everyone must have it even if that person holds an opposing opinion. This mutual respect is the foundation for civil discussions and debates that shape the country and even the world. However many AmericansRead MoreVaccines and The Immune System1056 Words   |  4 Pagescommon in any vaccine. Others believe that vaccinations ar e very important to get because they could save someone’s life. There is not any proven fact that vaccinations could be a factor of autism, there are only assumptions being made to this. Parents either want their kids to get vaccinated or want absolutely nothing to do with vaccinations. Even though vaccines have minor side effects and have controversial issues such as autism, there is no evidence for the issue; therefore vaccines are very importantRead MoreShould Those Opposed For Immunization Conform For The Safety As A Nation?1170 Words   |  5 PagesShould those opposed to immunization conform for the safety as a nation? I will discuss the controversial debate of those who are for and against immunization, the extent of the issue of those affected, and supported evidence in strengthening my position for immunization. By proving the negative accusations immunizations has received creating a pandemic, as opposing parents fear their child is at risk refusing immunization and putting other children in danger. Exposing unvaccinated children in publicRead MoreThe Social Issues Of Vaccinations1740 Words   |  7 PagesSocioscientific Issues are controversial social issues which relate to science. They are ill-structured, open-ended problems which have multiple solutions. Considering this, many people/groups have varying outlooks on these issues meaning they may see the controversial issue through either a scientific or social view. Vaccinations are an extremely controversial topic not only in New Zealand but around the world, due to Andrew Wakefield s fraudulent hypothesis of a connection between the MMR vaccine and autismRead MoreThe Vaccine And Autism Controversy1179 Words   |  5 PagesVaccine and Autism Controversy Many parents are skeptical about getting their children vaccinated because of the fear that it may cause autism. The question of whether vaccines cause autism is still a controversial subject among many citizens today especially parents. Some citizens argue that vaccines are not safe and could potentially cause autism. Parents believe that vaccine caused their child to develop autism because autism symptoms become apparent around the same time that children were gettingRead MoreMedia and Its Effects on Society1437 Words   |  6 PagesMedia plays a crucial role in our life nowadays. It serves as a bridge that connects people to the world, leading to a global exchange of information and knowledge. Media also offers platform for people to voice their thoughts on political and social issues, providing room for different perspectives. Unquestionably, media affects our life in nearly every ways. With a turn of a magazine page, a tune on a radio, or a flip of a TV channel, media somewhat plays a part in our life. Different media coverageRead MoreThe Effects Of Receiving Vaccinations On Children1619 Words   |  7 PagesFor the longest time, vaccines have been thought of has as medical breakthroughs of epic proportions. They have, in part, led to a dramatic increase in human life expectancy and have successfully rid the human race of horrible diseases such as smallpox and polio. However, recently there has been controversy regarding alleged side effects of receiving vaccinations, with autism being at the forefront of discussion. A study published by Wakefield in 1998 is what sparked the debate; in the study, WakefieldRead MorePros and Cons to Vaccination in Children1750 Words   |  7 PagesSeptember 1st 2014 Pros and Cons to Vaccinations in Children Almost everyone has heard of the benefits and dangers of childhood vaccines. Parents are especially eager to do what is best for their child to protect him or her. Some people have different opinions on what the best specifically entails when it comes to childhood vaccines. Vaccinations are a controversial discussion as parents question whether it should be mandatory or optional when they feel the cons outweigh the pros. The governmentRead MoreIs Girls And Boys Should Get The 3 Series Of Shots?927 Words   |  4 Pagesarticles to understand how complicated this issue is. My opinion is that girls and boys should get the 3 series of shots, or like the European Union’s recent recommendation, a series of 2 shots to help most people prevent HPVs. But in all the reading I did, it is sadly going to be a controversial issue for a while. The anti-vaxxer movement got started because of a fake study in England. Unfortunately that movement is still causing doubt about all vaccines and w ill be responsible for more disease andRead MoreThe Importance Of Vaccinations715 Words   |  3 PagesThe Importance of Vaccinations Vaccinations has become controversial in recent years. A growing number of parents feel that vaccines can cause harm. They believe that they have the right to decide whether or not to have their children vaccinated (â€Å"Introduction to Vaccines: Current Controversies† 6). This is true, however, public health and individual rights should be equally taken into consideration. While there is growing number of people who claims that mandatory vaccinations is against civil

Early Judaism Messianic Claimants/Messianic Expectations...

A messiah is a rather ambiguous term. It mainly means an anointed one; usually a messiah is considered to be a son of David and would reestablish Israel to what it once was. Because messiahs are anointed ones they would typically be Jewish priests, prophets and kings. However, a Messiah can also be a warrior, or a man of peace. (CITE) A messiah was to reestablish unity among the Jewish people and navigate through the hardships and oppression that they went through during early Judaism and bring a sense of freedom and relief. An array of messianic claimants came forth during the two peaks of Jewish rebellion, the death of King Herod the Great and the first Jewish war against the Romans. The first search for a messiah started in the sixth†¦show more content†¦At this point the Jews believed a messiah would restore their unity and take away the Roman state of oppression. Among the different sects, each one had a different messianic expectation or none at all, the aristocratic Sadducees held no messianic expectations because they worried that a messianic claimant would instigate friction with the Romans, therefor ridding the Sadducees of their lifestyle. The Essenes predicted the coming of two messiahs, a priestly messiah and a Davidic King messiah. Many of the leaders that appeared as messianic claimants came forth with numerous and creative solutions to free the Jewish people from their social, political, and religious suffering. While some of these leaders revolted for an immediate change, others rebelled just to fulfill their given or claimed messianic role. Flavius Josephus is the main source of information for messianic claimants, although he wrote to defend Judaism, he is somewhat bias as a source of information because he is closer tied to Romans and Hellenization than he is Judaism. Josephus was born into a Sadducee family with close aristocratic roots and it is noted that he was extremely

The Boxes In My Head free essay sample

My house has been taken over by boxes. I’ve held it off for as long as possible, but now its time; I step into my room, knowing after today it will never be mine again. My old wood desk cluttered with a myriad of books, mugs, craypas, and countless sticky notes of reminders and to-do lists, most of which are yet to be accomplished. The blue dragon patterned headband I wore when I went to the , and it shows me what I am; I am the Hula-Girl who dances on the Russain-Safari Zebra next to the yawning cat who plays with the glass from Venice just like the mask in front of the Z and the green-apple squash ball rolling around over the corral near the language rocks of a distant childhood. I realized everyone who I will ever meet will be placed inside my head, in a box, and each and every person, every memory they give me, will become a part of me. We will write a custom essay sample on The Boxes In My Head or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I look around, all things carefully stored, placed, and crammed, all into boxes. I smile; I know that my memories are stored just the same, crammed into corners of my mind, yet the best part is that because its me, and neatness does not exist within, they tumble out with all their colors and shapes, blurring together into one giant mess I call myself.

Durg Calculation Essay Example

Durg Calculation Essay IV and Drug Calculations for Busy Paramedics By Kent R. Spitler, MSEd, RN, NREMT-P EMS Educator Charlotte, North Carolina Introduction Medication calculations can cause frustration for EMS providers. Math and pharmacology can make it difficult to succeed on course exams, in the clinical setting, and in the field. There is a solution to make medication calculations easier. The answer to this problem is simple by showing students how to perform calculations using a simple process. While there are plenty of good drug and solution textbooks, study guides, and presentations available showing the methods of medication calculations, It seems that it much of it causes mathematical confusion often called â€Å"math mental blocks† for many EMS providers. There are only a few drug calculations necessary in the prehospital setting. These calculations include IV drip rates, IV piggyback infusion, IM and Subcutaneous injection. A good review of the metric system is in order here since medicine is based on this measurement system. It is necessary to practice drug calculations on a regular basis to gain a comfort level with the methods. We will write a custom essay sample on Durg Calculation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Durg Calculation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Durg Calculation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The best way to achieve this comfort level is to practice medication calculations 30 minutes a day for six months and it will come natural after while. Common abbreviations are used in medication administration for all medical fields. Below is a list of some abbreviations that are found in drug calculations used in the prehospital setting: Gram = Meter = Liter = Gm = Gtts = Hr = IVPB = Mcg = Mass Length Volume Grams Drops Hour Intravenous Piggyback Micrograms 5 cc = 15 cc = 30 cc = 30 cc = 60 mg = 1 Gram = X= x= 1 tsp 1 TBS or 3 tsp 1 ounce 2 TBS 1 Grain 15 Grains Multiply Unknown answer / = Per or Each ? Divide = Minus gtts/ml = Drops per milliliter gtts/min = Drops per minute Conversion Min = Minute Mg = Milligrams Ml = Milliliters Table 1 Convert grams to milligrams: multiply X 1000 Convert liters to milliliters: multiply X 1000 Convert milligrams to grams: divide by 1000 Convert milliliters to liters: multiply X 1000 Don’t forget where to place the decimal It is assumed t hat the reader has an understanding of general mathematics. It also assumed that the reader has a general understanding of the metric system as it relates to medicine and drug calculations. IV Drip Rate Calculations IV calculations are easier than they appear. There are four common drip sets in two categories: minidrip set which includes microdrip or pediatric set, and regular drip set which include macrodrip or adult sets. The various drip sets are as follows: 1 60 gtts/ml 10 gtts/ml 15 gtts/ml 20 gtts/ml minidrip drip set regular drip set regular drip set regular drip set (this set is sometimes used, but it’s not as popular) Next, think about where these numbers came from for use in medicine. Since there are 60 minutes in one hour and 60 seconds in one minute, it appears natural to calculate drip rates based on the clock. There is one (1) 60 minute period in one hour There are six (6) 10 minute periods in one hour There are four (4) 15 minute periods in one hour There are three (3) 20 minute periods in one hour It makes sense doesn’t it? When calculating IV drip rates all that needs to be done is divide the amount to be infused over one (1) hour by how many time periods the drip set has in one (1) hour based on the clock. 60 gtts/ml set If infusing 60 ml/hr using a 10 gtts/ml set 60 divide 60 by 6 (6 10 minute periods) which 50 10 10 gtts/ml set is 10 or 10 gtts/min. If infusing 60 ml/hr using a 60 gtts/ml set divide 60 by 1 (1 60 minute 45 15 15 gtts/ml set period) which is 60 or 60 If infusing 60 ml/hr gtts/min. using a 15 gtts/ml set divide 60 by 4 (4 15 40 minute periods) which 20 20 gtts/ml set is 15 or 15 gtts/min. 30 The calculations are based on the following formula: If infusing 60 ml/hr using a 20 gtts/ml set Amount to be infused X drip set = x gtts/min divide 60 by 3 (3 20 Time (in minutes) minute periods) which is 20 or 20 gtts/min. Minidrip (Pediatric or Microdrip) Set 60 drops per milliliter Figure 1 How do we arrive at the correct answer? Let’s look at the other methods and see if it makes sense. Think about the 60 drop per milliliter set (60 gtts/ml. ) Now think about the answer you want which drops per minute. A protocol or medical control will give you fluid amounts to administer most 2 commonly in ml/hr. You already have the amount and the time to be infused. All you do now is choose the appropriate drip set, using a simple formula you can come up with a quick answer: Amount of Solution (in ml) X drip set (gtts/ml) = x drops/min (gtts/min) Looking at an example, your medical control states you need to establish an IV on a cardiac patient complaining of chest pressure at a rate of 80 ml/hr using a 500 ml bag of Normal Saline solution. The drip set you choose is a 60 gtts/ml minidrip set. The formula is as follows: Divide 60 into 4800 80 ml (amount) X 60 gtts/ml (drip set) 60 (divided my time in minutes – over 1 hour) = 4800 60 = 80 gtts/min When calculating IV drip rates remember that you can reduce to the lowest common denominator by dividing the same number into both the numerator and the denominator to make your calculations much easier. All samples shown from now on demonstrate this throughout. Simply remember that the numbers are consistent with the 60 minute clock and you will catch on rather quickly. The sample problems will show you by dividing the same number into the drip set and the time. As you see the answer is 80 or 80 gtts/min. 60 goes into 60 once (1). Divide 60 into 60 on the top and bottom. Let’s look at the problem again and see how simple it really is: 80 ml X 60 1 gtts/ml set 60 1 min The only thing necessary is to do is cancel out the 60 on the top line and the bottom line. This leaves you with 1. 0 X 1 80 = = 80 or 80 gtts/min 1 1 Thinking this way will make it easier for you any time a 60 gtts/ml drip set is used. Just divide the amount of solution per hour by 1 and the number that is left is your answer in drops per minute. All you need to do is plug in the amount to be given over an hour. REGULAR DRIP SET – 10 DROPS PER MILLILITER Taking a look at the 10 gtts/ml regular drip set w e need to think, how many 10 minute periods are in one hour? The answer is 6. (see page 2. ) The objective here is that there are larger drops leading to less drops per minute. In the problem below, 10 goes into 10 once and 10 goes into 60 six times. Using the same formula as we did with the 60 gtts/ml set the problem is as follows: 80 ml (amount) X 10 gtts/ml (drip set) 80 X 10 1 80 X 1 80 = = 6 = 6 = 13. 3 or 13 60 (divided my time in minutes – over 1 hour) 60 6 80 divided by 6 is 13. 3 or 13 gtts/min. Now to it even simpler, every time you use a 10 gtts/min gtts/ml regular drip set just divide the amount by 6 since they’re six 10 minute time periods in one hour. All you need to do is plug in the amount of fluid per hour. 80 6 = 13. 3 or 13 gtts/min 3 The two remaining regular drip sets are the 15 gtts/ml set and the 20 gtts/ml set. Remember, all you need to do is figure out how many time periods the drip set has in one hour (don’t forget the clock. ) The 15 gtts/ml drip set is related to four 15 minute time periods in one hour which means we divide the amount per hour by 4. 15 goes into 15 once and 15 goes into 60 four times resulting as 80/4 leaving us with the answer of 20. Observe the example below: 80 ml (amount) X 15 gtts/ml (drip set) 80 X 15 1 = 60 4= 60 (divided my time in minutes – over 1 hour) 80 X 1 = 4 80 4 = 20 gtts/min So any time you use a 15 gtts/ml drip set just divide the amount of solution per hour by 4. 80 6 = 20 gtts/min The 20 gtts/ml drip set is calculated the same way except you divide by 3 since there are three 20 minute periods in one hour. 20 goes into 20 once and 20 goes into 60 three times. Observe the example below: 80 ml (amount) X 20 gtts/ml (drip set) 60 (divided my time in minutes – over 1 hour) = The answer is 26. 6 or rounded off to 27 gtts/minute. This means all you need to do is divide the amount of solution per hour by 3 to get the gtts/min. Summary †¢ Drip sets used in medicine are based on the 60 minute clock for timing and calculations. All you need to do is divide the amount to be infused each hour by how many time periods the drip set has in one hour which is based on the clock. The drip sets include the minidrip set, 60 gtts/ml, and three regular drip sets which include the 10 gtts/ml set, 15 gtt/ml set, and the 20 gtts/ml set. There is one (1) 60 minute period in one hour, six (6) 10 minute periods in one hour, four (4) 15 minute periods in one hour, and three (3) 20 minute periods in one hour. When reducing fractions to allow easier calculations remember to divide the same number into both the numerator and the denominator to arrive at the lowest common denominator. Thinking about the problems presented you must divide the same number into the drops per milliliter and the time (in minutes. ) 60 goes into 60 = 1 60 goes into 60 = 1 10 goes into 10 = 1 10 goes into 60 = 6 15 goes into 15 = 1 15 goes into 60 = 4 20 goes into 20 = 1 20 goes into 60 = 3 4 80 X 20 1 80 X 1 = 60 3 = 3 80 3 = 26. 6 †¢ †¢ †¢ Looking at these examples you notice that there is a pattern the stays the same. Since there are only four (4) different IV drip sets available, all you have to do is just insert the amount of solution to be delivered over one (1) hour. When setting up each problem remember all you have to do is divide the number of periods each drip set has in the 60 minute clock and divide that number into the amount of solution to delivered in one (1) hour. It’s simple as that! Problems You have an order to start an IV of NS How many drops per minute do you want to set the IV drip rate for the following? 1. 150 ml/hr using a 10 drop per milliliter set. 2. 75 ml/hr using a 60 drop per milliliter set 3. 00 ml/hr using a 15 drop per milliliter set 4. 200 ml/hr using a 20 drop per milliliter set IV Infusion/Piggyback Medications Medication administration in field can become complicated in the field when you need an the drug dose in a hurry. The medications we give are usually limited to IV push medications, SL medications, IM and Subcutaneous medications. It seems like para medic students struggle with drug calculations, but do not get the opportunity to do many calculations in the clinical setting and the skill is limited in the field. The amount of medication to give is usually the answer we want. Medication comes in ampules, vials, prefilled syringes, and premixed IV bags. Piggyback infusions are given frequently in the field, but when they are there is no room for error. The goal here is to use a simple method of calculating medication drip rates effectively spending the least amount of time doing so. There are two basic issues that we need to think about for piggyback infusions. The first is calculating drip rates for medication in milligrams (mg), e. g. , lidocaine, Procainamide, and Bretylium, which are common medications used in ACLS and in the field. The second issue is calculating IV infusion rates in micrograms (mcg). Medication dosing may include the patient’s weight as well which needs to be figured into the problem to assure the patient receives the correct amount of medication. There are several methods used in calculating medication doses for IV infusion. We will start with lidocaine as an example because it is one of the most common IV infusions drug in the field. Let’s start with the following information: Lidocaine Drug ordered: Drug on hand: IV Solution: 2 mg/min IVPB 2 Grams Lidocaine 20% in 5 ml (the 5 ml is irrelevant in our calculations) 500 ml of Normal Saline 5 Drug Concentration in the IV Solution: IV Drip Set: Want to Know: 4 mg/ml (this is achieved by dividing the amount of IV solution into the drug. But first you must convert grams to milligrams to properly calculate the problem 60 drops per milliliter Gtts/min to be administered to the patient Using the â€Å"Rule of Fours† Method Some think the â€Å"rule of fours† method is easier than other methods, but this is up to the EMS provider which method is best. This method is sometimes called the Lidocaine clock method. The three simple steps used here are: Compare, Prepare, and Observe. Using the information above for our problem we can conclude that there is 4 mg of lidocaine for each milliliter of IV solution (That is by putting 2 grams or 2000 mg of lidocaine into 500 ml of NS and dividing 2000 mg by 500 ml = 4 mg/ml) This means that there is 4 mg = 1 ml which means we will have 4mg for every 60 drops of solution because the drip set is a 60 gtts/ml IV set. The Rule of Fours Method (Lidocaine Clock Method) 4 mg 60 3 mg 45 Gtts/min 15 1 mg 30 2 mg Look at the drug order and compare to the clock in the circle. 2 mg = 30 gtts/min is observed and is the answer to the problem. There is another method that is popular among people with a chemistry and math education, but anyone can use it. Find out the concentration of medication you have. Remember, the drug order is 2 mg of Lidocaine 20% and a bag of 500 ml Normal Saline. First convert the 2 Gms of Lidocaine into mgs which equals 2000 mg. This needs to be done because the order is in milligrams per minute. 6 We always divide the amount of solution into the amount of drug. Divide 500 ml into 2000 mg Lidocaine 2 Gm = 2000 mg. The answer you get is 4 mg/ml. The formula is now set up as follows: IV Bag Amount (ml) X dose ordered (mg/min) X drip set (gtts/ml) = Drug on hand (mg) Another method found useful is the following: Drug order (2 mg/min) X IV drip set (60 gtts/ml) = Drug Concentration 4mg/ml X 1 minute Reduce fraction 30 drops per minute 120 4 = 30 gtts/min You can use these methods with any drugs in the field when giving drugs in milligrams, such as. Bretyllium and Procainamide.. IV infusion drugs in Micrograms Now we need to consider drugs given in micrograms. This group of drugs includes dopamine, epinephrine, dobutamine, and Isoproterenol. When calculating a drug, such as dopamine, using the micrograms can be a little tricky, but remember it’s just a way to measure medicine in smaller amounts (units. ) What this really means is dopamine is potent stuff and we need to keep the math as simple as possible (you know, the KISS method) Dopamine and other complicated Medications can be challenging to calculate, but there is a simple formula method that will make it easier for you. The first formula will include the patient’s weight. Of course, it is assumed you already know how to convert pounds (lbs. to kilograms (kgs. ) But if you are not sure let’s review. All you need to know is that 2. 2 lbs. = 1 kg. And 1 kg. = 2. 2 lbs. This means if you want to convert pounds to kilograms just divide the weight (in lbs. ) by 2. 2. Now to convert kilograms to pounds just multiply the weight (in kgs) X 2. 2. Look at the example below: A 50 year old cardiac patient weighs 150 pounds. You need to convert this patients weight to kilograms because medication based on weight is almost always given in kilograms. 150 divided by 2. 2: it should look like this: Note: Remember to move the decimal to the right (we don’t want to deal with decimals any more than we have to) When you move the decimal 22. 1500. 150 or 2. 2 150. 2. 2 The answer is: 68. 1 or 68 kgs. (rounded off) to the right you must also move it the same amount of spaces to the right in the for the number you are dividing. We’ll set up a dopamine drip based on the patient’s weight (most IV infusion drugs are based on the patient’s weight. ) This is probably as hard as it’s going to get for EMS providers. Take a look and see if you find this fairly easy: Dopamine 7 Information Drug order – Concentration on hand Drip Set Time Patient’s Weight IV Bag 7 mcg/kg/min 800 mg (it may come in a premixed IV bag or in 200 mg vials) We know this has to be converted to mcg because that’s the drug order, right? 60 gtts/ml We already know it’s per minute 220 lbs. 500 ml Normal Saline First convert the patients weight from lbs. to kilograms: Divide 220 by 2. 2 = 100 kgs. Second convert the concentration on hand, 800 mg to micrograms. How do we do that? Multiply 800 X 1000 (review your metric conversions if you don’t understand. ) The answer is 800,00 mcg. Remember, to convert mg to mcg just multiply X 1000. Anyway we don’t want to messing with decimals when we don’t have to. 800 mg X 1000 = 800,000 mcg Third, all you have to know now is how many mcg are in each ml of the IV bag we are using (500 ml. ) Divide the solution into the drug to find out: 1600 mcg/ml This is you concentration on hand 500 ml 800,000 mcg Fourth, set up the formula (this is probably the easiest way to do it without using a drug chart): Mcg/kg X weight (kg) X drip set = Gtts/min Concentration on hand X time With the numbers now: 7 mcg/kg X 100 kgs X 60 gtts/ml 1600 mcg/ml X 1 min = 7 X 100 = 700 1600 X 1 = 1600 700 X 60 = 4200 oncentration on hand 4200 1600 = 26 gtts/min actually the answer is 26. 2 but we rounded it off It may not seem easy at first, but remember all you have to do is plug in the right numbers and the simple math. That’s all! Practice Practice Practice IVP, IM, SQ Parenteral Medication Calculation The key to finding the answer for the right dose is organizing the right infor mation. Doing well in drug calculations is practice-practice-practice. Earlier, we mentioned to practice 30 minutes each day for six months and you will remember how to do it. When calculating parenteral medication doses there are only three things to remember, drug order, concentration on hand, and the amount you want to give. Using Lasix, for example: Drug order: Concentration on hand: Volume of solution Amount you want to give: 40 mg 100 mg 10 ml X is the answer you want in ml. Two methods easy to use (you decide which one) for calculating drug doses are ratio and proportion (also known as cross multiplication) method and the formula method. Both methods require setting up the problem and the rest is fairly easy. Want you want to do is keep it simple (you know , the KISS method) so let’s look at the ratio and proportion method first. What needs to be done is put the same form of measurement on the top lines and the bottom lines. Drug ordered (mg) Amount to give (ml) = Concentration on hand (mg) Volume of solution (ml As you can see we put the mg on the top and the ml on the bottom. It is better to do it this way to keep things straight. Once you set up the formula it necessary to cross multiply to arrive at the correct answer. Using our example, Lasix, we will set up the problem now with the information provided above: Drug ordered Concentration on hand 40 mg X ml This the answer we want = 100 mg 10 ml Volume of solution X = amount to give in ml Next, cross multiply the numbers as shown below: 40 mg X ml Now it will look like this: = 100 mg 10 ml 40 x 10 = 400 100 x X = 100 X 400 = 100 X Since X is the answer we want, which is the amount of drug to give, X needs to be by itself. The way to do this is move the number with the X underneath the number on the other side. This is how it looks: 400 = 100X 400 X 100 100 = To arrive at the correct answer, all we need to do is divide 400 by 100 which equals 4. This means X = 4 or 4 ml. The only left to do is draw up the drug into a syringe and give the Lasix to the patient. Tips: 9 †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Set the ratio and proportion the same each time. Put like measurements on the same line mg = mg ml ml Use X as the symbol for the answer you want Always move the number with X underneath the other side leaving X by itself Divide leaving you the answer which is the amount to give in ml The formula method takes a different approach which some practitioners like. It is set up like this: Volume to be given = (X ml) We will use Lasix again: Drug order: Concentration on hand: Volume of solution Amount you want to give: Volume of Solution Volume of solution X Drug order Concentration on hand 40 mg 100 mg 10 ml X is the answer you want in ml. Drug Order Volume to be given = 10 ml X 40 mg X ml 100 mg Concentration on hand As you can see, we need to multiply 10 X 40 and divide the answer by 100. It will look like this: 10 ml X 40 mg = 100 mg 400 = 4 100 X ml is the amount we want to give so just replace x with 4 and we have our answer of 4 ml. Both the ratio and proportion method and the formula method can be used with tablets, IV push, IM, and SQ medication administration. Now isn’t that simple? If you are having trouble it is a good idea to read back through the material and work through the practice problems. Remember, practice-practicepractice!  © Kent Spitler 2000 It is the intention of the author to share this information with EMS educators and providers alike. It may be distributed for educational purposes only at no cost. 10

Machavelli Essays - Niccol Machiavelli, The Prince, Merchant Prince

Machavelli Essays - Niccol Machiavelli, The Prince, Merchant Prince Machavelli Machiavelli and the President Lately, the president of the United States Bill Clinton, has pursued some policies that have been very unpopular not only with the general public but the electorate as well. Besides the whole Monica ordeal he feels that these unpopular policies will effect the results of the next election. The presidential advisors have formulated countless plans but no plan has seemed to work. One idea would be to leave the unpopular policies as they are because of the president and advisors belief that they are the best for the country. Another option would be to just present the unpopular policies in a new way to maybe change public opinion on them. Still another would be to just ignore the policies and concentrate on the election. No matter what option , if any, should be chosen one must be thought up quick and it must not only address the problem but solve it and fast. Since I have recently learned about Machiavelli and his work titled The Prince I feel his opinions would help to influence some decisions for the president and his advisors. A first and very important view of Machiavelli would be his view of the prince and his advisors. It is an infallible rule that a prince who is not wise himself cannot be well advised.(p.117) As it is up to the prince to be well advised it is also up to the president to be well advised as well. The presidents advisors, as well as the president, are not sure what actions to take, which in Machiavellis view would not be a good characteristic of a leader and as a result would not help gain friendship of the people. Good relationship with the people is one of his greatest points because without the people there is no leader. The leader, the president, must have the support of the people and if not he will not stay in power long. The president is not doing a good job of this because of his very unpopular policies. Machiavelli would never choose to just continue on the same path and peruse unpopular policies. It is necessary for a prince to possess the friendship; otherwise he has no recourse in times of adversity.(p.65) In response to this he would abandon the unpopular policies and concentrate on winning the election, keeping the people happy. Not only should the leader concentrate on the present and the future but consider the past. The prince ought to read history and study the actions of eminent men, examine the causes of their victories and defeat in order to imitate the former and avoid the latter.(p.82) History is bound to repeat itself if not watched very carefully. The leader must avoid repeating the blunders of the past and take note of the victories preceding him. Another view that would help the president out in his policies would be Machiavellis view on boldness. The leader is far better of to be bold instead of cautious. If you expect for the worse and be prepared for bad times even if its not the best strategy you will be better off in the long run. For if it happens that time and circumstances are favourable to one who acts with caution and prudence he will be successful, but if time and circumstances change he will be ruined, because he does not change his mode of procedure.(p. 121) The leader must at all times be prepared for the worst so he does not get caught off guard and make the people mad. If these views of Machiavelli seem straight forward or to direct maybe Leo Strauss or J.G.A. Pocock could explain these methods of leadership to the president. Pocock would elaborate on the subject of historical awareness. He could help the president understand that we have to look to our past to help better ourselves for the future. Strauss on the hand would compare Machiavelli to the greeks and thier writtings. He would go in depth though about how the greeks, Mr. T in particular, were kings in understatements while Machiavelli was very straightforward in his writtings. After presenting these views to the president I hope my knowledge of Machiavelli and his way of thinking could help influence the policies in place and maybe help the president win the up coming election. Maybe after my essay is read and I graduate Southwest Texas with a Political Science degree maybe I could get a job at the White House and someday take over his

WK 4 PERCEPTION KEY Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

WK 4 PERCEPTION KEY - Assignment Example Towards the end, the composition returns to F note, building a feeling of completeness in listeners-releases tension. There are no areas in the composition where F is expected to be the next not and it is not. It has been supplied well when expected signifying a sense of stability or temporary stability, indicating that, the supply of F appropriately helps release tension in listeners. The difference in the temporary finality created in the middle section and the finality expressed at the end is effective in the sense that, it shows as the effects of temporary stability, the limits of our movement from that stability and the associated security and pleasures of total stability experienced at the end. This composition evokes a feeling of insecurity and tensions associated with being away from home. Just as this composition, swing low sweet chariot, any piece that produces what is expected of it, is not only interesting but also satisfying. Rock dance is a dance technique that is highly demanding because of its acrobatics, high speeds, and is also a straining dance performance considered to be a preserve of young dancers. Rock dancing demands loud music because it is argued that, loud music is in sync with intense energy. In order to achieve the requirements of rock dancing techniques, loud music is essential, because, it is an obvious synchronization of body and mind. Performing of powerful and spontaneous muscular motions explains the popularity of rock dance, especially in the sixties and the seventies. This is attributed to the fact that it is very competitive, athletic and is a dance that, although demanding, can be performed by both groups and couples. Older generations dislike both rock dance and rock music because of their acrobatic, high-energy, speeds and loud music respectively. For this reason, rock dancing is a mode that can be both danced and watched. Rock

Military Training and Indoctrination of Children In Palestinian Research Proposal

Military Training and Indoctrination of Children In Palestinian Refugees Camp in Lebanon - Research Proposal Example When it comes to other human right issues in Lebanon like torture/ refugees and asylum seekers/ discrimination in addition to the inequality of women the political will from Lebanon is mainly absent and missing. The Government as an entity has tried to show goodwill in cooperating with various NGOs in order to improve situations in institutions like the prison especially with juveniles and also the disabled persons. The government also passed a law that helped abolish the religion identification on the IDs; this was a major step in helping fight discrimination. Most of the Middle East countries Lebanon included lack a comprehensive institutional and legislative framework that caters for the universal protection of human rights. In the Lebanon, although in the most sections of the legislations is in conformity with the international law the implementation of the aforementioned is lacking whereas in some instance the treaties are yet to be transformed into the national law. One importa nt aspect is that after a period of suspended legislative activities resulted from the internal political stalemates experienced in the country; parliamentary elections were held in 2009 June and no violations that were major were recorded. In the last decades there has been a jeopardized civil and political rights mainly brought about by the internal conflicts and also armed clashed witnessed around the country. Impunity is also widespread in the country consequence of a weak judicial system that has left crimes especially of the political nature to be committed in the recent past with no prosecution in sight. The interference of the executive in the judicial system in addition to the military courts that are unconstitutional are a violation of the international law. Torture in Lebanon has been accounted as being systematic and state officials and members of security organs in the country practice it coupled with legal prohibition and criminalization of torture. When it comes to th e wars around the world one of the recurrent wars that has been continuous is the Palestinian war in which thousands of people have been displaced to the neighboring Lebanon. Lebanon itself has experienced numerous and countless war between various factions that the paper will be looking at. A lot of attention has been paid to the war itself and the number of deaths that has been reported in the media but one major factor that seem to have been neglected is the fact that with the number of deaths on the increase there is a gap left behind in which soldiers are less and hence the need to increase the number. This has resulted in many underage children being drafted in the war without their wish as they are school going children. The children especially of the Palestinian Refugee camps around the Lebanon have undergone military training and also have been indoctrinated and as such are participating in wars when they are very young. This research proposal, aims at exploring how the war has affected the children especially in the Palestinian Refugee camp. INTRODUCTION Internally, in the recent past the political violence has been very rampant in Lebanon. In 2007 September a parliamentarian who was very prominent, Antoine Ghanem and six others were killed in a car bomb that was part of a series of political assassination in Beirut and nobody claimed responsibility for the attack1. In another incident in 2007 was the fight between the government troops and the Fatah-al-Islam that was an armed group and they fought in the Nahr-al-Bared refugee camp for

The following information outlines Brilliant Decisions Associations tender Essay Example for Free

The following information outlines Brilliant Decisions Associations tender Essay Introduction Within this tender for contract, Brilliant Decisions Association has outlined its aims, objectives, and aspirations for providing the City of Leeds with a modern, flexible, and state of the art health facility. The facility which our consortium will be replacing, Leeds General Infirmary, has suffered from under investment for many years. The resulting consequences have produced a health facility which fell short of the communities needs and expectations, and will continue to do so for many years unless investment is acquired. The following information outlines Brilliant Decisions Associations tender for contract for the development of a new health facility for the City of Leeds. Objectives Brilliant Decisions Association is a consortium of national and international businesses with a strategic interest in the strength and success of the Citys economy, financial sector and employment. Our consortium will provide a high quality, privately financed hospital to provide the community with a modern, flexible, state of the art hospital. We believe by providing a new health facility, the community will not only experience sufficiently increased level of care, but increased employment prospects, and improved services. These services, such as the improved transport links a new health facility will provide to the community, will provide increased access to the city and the local community, increase custom to retail outlets which will improve the strength of the communitys finances. Brilliant Decisions Association has many aspirations for the new health facility which it will deliver to the City of Leeds and the local community surrounding the hospital upon completion of the project. We believe the new health facility will be the most modern and state of the art in the country, providing flexible services to meet the needs and demands of the local community and providing the community with a wide range of employment opportunities in which they can progress through into management. We understand that no matter how efficient the new health facility is, we need the support of the local community for it to be a centre of excellence. Brilliant Decisions Association has very strong ethical views on the impact that a new health facility will have on the local community and because of this, we have a number of key areas which we will endeavour to meet with the development of the new hospital. The new health facility is going to be developed in a green field site located in the local community area. We recognise that building on this land will be difficult to accept for the local residents but we are going to develop the hospital to encompass many of the natural aspects of the green field site. We will have many open areas and gardens around the hospital for patient and visitors to walk around. We will develop any land which is not developed into the main infrastructure of the hospital by planting many trees, plants and shrubs to make the hospital less of an eyesore and to encourage the natural wild life to inhabit these areas. The new health facility will be of the highest standards in terms of quality of buildings and the internal infrastructure. The quality of buildings and dà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½cor which will be used will be professionally constructed so as to provide a safe environment for our staff, patients and visitors. A stringent fire safety procedure will be in place to protect the safety of our staff and patients. Our staff will be heavily trained with regular re-training exercises in the health and safety laws and regulations which govern the safety of the hospital, patients and themselves. There will be clearly visible fire and health and safety notices to inform staff and patients of emergency exits and their responsibilities. Brilliant Decision Association will endeavour to employ only quality trained staff to provide our patients with the highest quality of care available to enable the health facility to match our aims and aspirations. * To secure the most advantageous deal for ourselves, building a new hospital, we believe the cost of these advisors will be in the region of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½14.000.000 on the à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½164.000.000 contract. The consultancy cost figures are in the higher percentage range, around 8-9% so that we do not go under budget for this expenditure. * Based on two future PFI scheme hospitals, they will have a throughput of patients per bed of 88 and 100 per year. We will aim to have a throughput of 90 in line with these future hospitals. * We feel that we can best achieve our objectives by offering a new hospital with buildings of high quality. With a new hospital there are a minimum of limitations as to what can be done, and this will hopefully appeal to the NHS trust. This is of course the option that would satisfy the shareholders in our member companies as well as it will increase their return. * Ancillary staff will be contracted to out to work with existing employees. Because we are pushing for a re-development, TUPE rules wont apply to current staff and all employees can be paid the same and the same conditions can apply to all staff. * We could introduce charges for parking; this could be an area which could provide our shareholders with a large increase in profits. Clamping could also be considered with the release fee waived if we believed it was under exceptional circumstances. Charging for televisions, radio usage and the use of bedside phones should be considered to further increase profits. Vending machines around the hospital could also be used for profit maximisation. We could aim to receive 50% return on the items purchased. * To change this public opinion/perception, we will implement an advertising campaign identifying the opportunities for the population and the district i.e. job creation and investment. We will also identify and reaffirm that it is the only and best option so that we can obtain public support for the hospital. Exhibition portfolio Issue no. 1 Use of consultants, lawyers and accountants We will utilise the expertise of the most qualified consultants, lawyers and accountants to secure the contract and provide us with the maximum profit. The cost of advisors in PFI schemes in the past has been between 2.8% and 8.7%. To secure the most advantageous deal for ourselves we estimate that the cost of these advisors will be in the region of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½14.000.000 on the à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½164.000.000 contract. As a company we believe this expenditure is justified if we secure the contract. The consultancy cost figures are in the higher percentage range, around 8-9% so that we do not go under budget for this expenditure. As with previous PFI schemes there have been varying public opinions on the financing of their local hospitals under the PFI initiative. We could use these consultants to put to rest the public concerns. This will be discussed later in issue six. Pros and Cons for developing a new Hospital: Pros larger contract = more profits employ own staff (ancillary staff) = cheaper wages Cons Time needed to build and develop = long wait for return on investment Greenfield site No road or rail links = these would have to be constructed taking up valuable time Pros and Cons for the Refurbishment of a previous hospital: Pros Shorter development time Cons Less profit Limitations on employing own staff Poor transport links Poor emergency access as in built up area Issue no.2 Number and throughput of beds The population in the area is expected to significantly increase over the next 15 years. The area of growth that will be the largest will be that of the elderly population. If we were to aim to provide a bed for each elderly member of the public, our profit margins will decrease significantly to satisfy the increased demand. To accommodate for these future demands, we will aim to improve the throughput of beds as in other PFI financed hospitals, above the NHS average of 56-57 patients per year per bed. With these other PFI schemes, they have experienced a 20-40% bed loss when building a new hospital after the reconfiguration of services, an area in which we could investigate in order to save money and increase our profits. Based on two future PFI scheme hospitals, they will have a throughput of patients per bed of 88 and 100 per year. We will aim to have a throughput of 90 in line with these future hospitals. Pros and Cons for reducing the number of beds: PROs * Less cost * More profit CONs * Not able to cope with patients demand * Could affect success for the contract Issue no. 3 Quality of the buildings Alternatives to be considered When considering the quality of the buildings, there are several issues that need to be reviewed. First of all, we need to decide between (a) rebuilding and refurbishing the City General Infirmary (b) building a new hospital We also need to decide whether the hospital, existing or new, should be of (I) poor quality (II) average quality (III) high quality Evaluation of strengths and weaknesses Rebuilding and refurbishing the City General Infirmary: Strengths As the buildings already exist, the costs will be lower compared to building a new hospital. With less construction work needed, the chance of overdue work will be smaller resulting in less chance of being penalized. The lower costs of construction work means that the 20% profit expected by builders will be a lower amount. Weaknesses The existing buildings may cause limitations as to what can be done and likely problems with issues like size can be impossible to overcome. Building a new hospital: Strengths There are no limitations as to what can be done in terms of size, technology etc., enabling us to accommodate all the needs the NHS trust may have. Weaknesses A new hospital involves extensive construction work which will affect the cost. Because of the amount of work required, the risk of penalties due to overdue completion is high. Extensive construction work also means payment to builders will be a large figure. Poor Quality Strengths The costs will be low. Less work needs to be done. Less work means that there is a smaller chance of overdue construction work and penalties. As the cost for poor quality construction work will be low, so will the profits paid out to the builders. Weaknesses As lease agreements for PFI hospitals have a typical duration of 25 years, maintenance of the hospital will be the consortiums responsibility for a long period of time. Any savings we might make now for not investing in quality might become costly in future as shoddy construction work normally doesnt have high durability. Low quality buildings might put the health and safety of future employees, patients and visitors at risk. The chance of winning the contract may be smaller if we only offer a hospital of poor quality. Conclusion After evaluating the range of alternatives, we feel that we can best achieve our objectives by offering a new hospital with buildings of high quality. With a new hospital there are a minimum of limitations as to what can be done, and this will hopefully appeal to the NHS trust. This is of course the option that would satisfy the shareholders in our member companies as well as it will increase their return. Although going with a new hospital and the high quality option will be more costly then the other alternatives, we believe it will increase our chances of winning the contract, and future maintenance expenses will be kept to a minimum. Making a high quality hospital can also be good publicity for the consortium. Issue no. 4 Ancillary services The problem has been defined and recognised. This is concerned with the decision on whether to contract out ancillary services or to provide the service within the scheme. These are the two feasible alternatives. To complete the decision making process, the alternatives will be evaluated and the best alternative will be selected. The consortium has the opportunity to make a maximising choice. This is defined as the decision making the best choice of various alternatives. The decision making condition is that of Uncertainty. The decision maker is not able to predict the outcome of the decision, a range of possible outcomes may be identified and evaluated but there is in-sufficient information to derive outcome probabilities. The problem raises some financial issues. Contracting out the ancillary services is the most profitable course of action for the consortium. Using self-provided employees is less profitable because there pay and working conditions are protected by the TUPE (Transfer of Undertakings) rules. If external ancillary staff were employed, they wouldnt be protected by the TUPE so the consortium could cut costs by paying staff at a lower level. There is also the possibility of a hospital development rather than a refurbishment which would mean that TUPE would not apply to the staff. This would mean that the pay level could be reduced to cut costs and produce a larger level of annual profit. The financial decision raises some ethical issues also. Previous consortia have encountered problems when ancillary staff have been hired and are working with self-provided employees. The ancillary staff are paid at a lower rate then the self-provided staff because self-provided staff are protected by TUPE rules. There will be two sets of staff performing the same operations within the hospital but being paid at two different rates. This could lead to poor team-work between the two different sets of staff. This could lead to in-efficiency and poor performance of staff. Strikes could be encountered and this has been experienced by previous consortia. A strike could increase the workload of self-provided staff who may not be able to cope. The question has to be asked on whether it is ethically right and fair to set the level of pay to two different levels for the same job. The two main issues to contend with before a decision is made the financial and ethical factors. The advantages of hiring ancillary staff are that it is more profitable and are not protected by the TUPE rules so the conditions provided dont have to meet certain standards. However, the hiring of ancillary staff may disrupt the running of the hospital. Strikes could be encountered and the relationship between the ancillary staff and the self-provided staff would not be ideal leading to poor performance of staff. There is also the possibility of a development in contrast to a refurbishment which would mean that self-provided staff wouldnt be protected by TUPE rules. After evaluation of the possible alternatives, it has been decided that the best course of action is to provide staff ourselves. The hiring of ancillary staff would be too much of a disruption for the running of the hospital. With the possibility of a development, self-provided staff wouldnt be protected by TUPE rules. This would mean that self-provided staff would be just as profitable as hiring ancillary staff. Business Decision Analysis model: An analytical decision model can be used to help evaluate and interpret which decision will provide the best outcome. As decision makers, we are operating under the conditions of Uncertainty. The Stochastic model can be used because it incorporates the estimates of probability. A model can be created to help determine which decision will produce the best outcome. The problems encountered with a stochastic model are that it can be difficult to create estimates of the probabilities. The probabilities will be derived using the Subjective method. Under this method, the decision maker uses opinion, intuition, judgement and past experience. The probability tree below conveys the estimates associated with the alternatives concerned with the financial possibilities; ANCILLARY (1High profit) REFURBISHMENT CONSORTIUM SELF PROVIDED (2Lower profit) DEVELOPMENT ANCILLARY (3High profit) SELF PROVIDED (4High profit) Outcome number Probability 1 (0.6 x 0.5) = 30% 2 (0.6 x 0.5) = 30% 3 (0.4 x 0.5) = 20% 4 (0.4 x 0.5) = 20% The decision tree above shows four possible outcomes from the alternatives. The two types of outcome is high and low profit. There is a higher chance of refurbishment rather than development because that is the original proposition. But the development does have its advantages to the government so this should have a reasonable amount of probability associated with it. From these two original options, the consortium can contract out staff or self-provide staff. There is a 50% chance of the consortium choosing each option. These two options will produce a financial outcome. The table above shows these financial outcomes and the probability associated with them. The table shows that choosing ancillary services provides a 50% of profit. This is a 30% probability from the refurbishment and a 20% probability from the development. The development also provides an extra 20% probability of profit from the development because there is no TUPE protection for self-provided staff. This shows that there is a 70% chance of profit from the alternative of choosing ancillary staff, which is the reason why this alternative has been chosen. However, it has been taken into account that these probabilities are estimates and there is room for marginal error. Issue no. 5 Charges for parking and television There are a number of options that could be considered so as maximise shareholder profits, many already employed in other PFI hospitals. We could introduce charges for parking; this could be an area which could provide our shareholders with a large increase in profits. Clamping could also be considered with the release fee waived if we believed it was under exceptional circumstances. Charging for televisions, radio usage and the use of bedside phones should be considered to further increase profits. Vending machines around the hospital could also be used for profit maximisation. We could aim to receive 50% return on the items purchased. Issue no. 6 Opposition to PFI financed hospital Within the local population, there is an 81% objection rate to a PFI financed hospital. They will however accept this proposal when they realise it is the only real option for development of their health services. To change this public opinion/perception, we could implement an advertising campaign identifying the opportunities for the population and the district i.e. job creation and investment. We could also identify and reaffirm that it is the only and best option so that we can obtain public support for the hospital. We could use the services of the consultants/advisors to either carry out this advertising campaign or advise the company how we should do it and get another company in to do it. The second option would cost more money and would reduce our profits. Refinancing We intend to refinance the deal as soon as the risky phase of the construction is complete. We are doing so in order to increase the return on profits for our shareholders. Theoretical decisions During the decision making process we aimed to use the rational model of decision-making. This process had the potential to be successful because: * Goals were known the goal or aim is to win the contract to build and run a new hospital under the PFI Initiative * Information/resources were available through the Department of Health website and other available information it was possible to research previous PFI schemes and what they offer * Prediction is feasible the outcome of the decision will hopefully mean that we will win the contract and this is a feasible prediction as we have as much chance as any other group to win the contract The Rational Model: 1 Identify and design the problem 2 Gather and sort the information 3 Generate the broadest possible range of alternatives 4 Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of alternatives 5 Select the optimal alternative 6 Implement and monitor the effectiveness The Rational Model applied to our decision-making: 1 Create and submit a promising tender for contract to build and run a Hospital under the PFI Scheme by exceeding present expectations of similar schemes in order to win the contract. 2 Researched previous PFI schemes in order to improve the performance and meet expectations 3 Choose whether the best option would be to build a new hospital or refurbish a previous hospital 4 Identify the six issues in terms of which decision to take pros and cons of each alternative 5 To build a new Hospital in order to increase the chances of providing a better service, whilst benefiting the community, the NHS and our needs, in order to win the contract 6 Submit the tender for contract and wait to see if the contract has been won by ourselves The constraints of the decision making process meant that as a group we may have satisficed rather than maximised due to constraints such as limited availability of resources and time limitations (deadline needing to be met). After attempting to take the Rational approach it can be seen that the decision making process ended up being Bounded Rational as we ended up satisficing the end result. Despite attempting to be rational during the decision making process the actual processes was much more chaotic and Cohen et als (1972) Garbage Can Model is more appropriate to the way in which our decisions were made. The Garbage Can Model: Cohen et al identify that there are 4 independent processes affecting decision-making. These four processes all coincide with each other randomly until the decision is made. Our decision-making was chaotic but eventually as the 4 processes merged the decision was made. * Problems create a proposal that appeals to the local community and the requirements of the NHS to win the contract. * Solutions win the contract * Participants we are a group of business men and women leading a consortium of companies * Choice Opportunities To build a new hospital or refurbish the existing hospital. Factors affecting the decision-making Process: Risk and Uncertainty * Risk the contract will be won by another group choices have to be made about the hospital i.e. new or refurbishment in order to attract the interest and win the contract. * Uncertainty the results of the decision are uncertain as we do not know what the competitors proposals contain. Ethics: When building something as important a hospital the needs of the patients are top priority and the requirements of the staff to provide a safe and workable environment. Societal ethics, professional ethics and individual ethics are important factors in the decision-making process. During the decision-making process the group was not affected by Groupthink or risky-shift. Bibliography Whittaker. L, BDA Lecture notes. www.dh.gov.uk

The Lack of Stringent Educational Values in America Essay examples --

Since I was a child, I have been a product of the American public educational system. From a young age, my classmates and I have always been told to study hard and we would do great things. This is true, for the most part, however, there is one tragic flaw in this statement. A person can always strive to be the best, but without the proper structure or guidance, he or she will never be able to reach their full potential. Robert Fellini is a prime example of never being able to reach his full potential because of the lack of guidance during his scholastic life. Fellini is a dear friend of mine and study partner for years. Like myself, he is a product of the public educational system. Although he has graduated from college, where does his life take him now? To be a security guard at a bank. This is what Fellini is currently doing for employment. While studying with Fellini, he mentioned his aspirations to become a lawyer. He definitely had the knowledge an d the ambition, but his fatal flaw was the lack of support from both his educators and personal family. The educational system is better in Asia than in America because of the values instilled in students at a young age. In Asian countries, such as China and Japan, children are taught from a young age that there is nothing more valuable in the world than an education. This is quite different from the teachings of American children. In Talking to High Monks in the Snow by Lydia Minatoya, we find that the attitude of the students she taught in Boston were greatly less appreciative and ambitious as the students she taught in Japan and China. Throughout her journey, both the students from Japan and China resembled a more studious and advantageous... ...to become ambitious if there are no educators to motivate them? Japan and China have one very important thing in common, their educators are well respected and their student body is far more intelligent than America. What would happen if America became a country of academic supremacy? If we were to become a global giant in the academic world, and combine that with our economical and living aspirations, what would be the disadvantage in living in such a country? Works Cited Hassett, Kevin A. Rethinking Competitiveness. Washington, D.C.: AEI, 2012. Print. Healey, Nigel M. "Is Higher Education in Really 'Internationalising'?" Higher Education 55.3 (2008): 333-55. JSTOR. Web. Nov.-Dec. 2013. . Minatoya, Lydia Y. Talking to High Monks in the Snow: An Asian American Odyssey. New York, NY: HarperCollins, 1992. Print.

Importance Of The Perception Of Customer Service Quality

The impression customers receive when they are paying for a service is very important. Rather than judging the quality of the goods, or the cost of the item, the customer can only base their opinion of a service on the way the service makes them feel and the effectiveness of the service. There are potentially 7 gaps where customer service quality can be affected within a service organization. It is therefore highly important that management of service industry employees are aware of these potential pitfalls and manage their employees to mitigate these problems.There is a Knowledge Gap where management must understand the level of knowledge the customer has, and define this properly. Once management has this understanding, they must develop standards for employees to ensure a high level of service quality. The gap between management understanding and the translation to standards is called the Standards Gap. However, the creation of standards by management does not necessarily translat e into the customer service reps communicating with the customer properly. This is called the Delivery Gap.These gaps can all be linked together under a framework of Internal Communications gaps. At the end of these internal processes, the customer receives the service product. At this point in time, the perception of the customer can be different than the perception of the customer service representative. The representative may think they are offering high quality service, but the customer perceives it negatively. This is called the Perception Gap. Additionally, the customer will be presented with promotional materials and communications from the company.The perception of these materials may not match what the company believes it is communicating. This is called the Interpretation Gap. These two culminating gaps ultimately link together to create the overall Service Gap. This gap is a culmination of potential differences throughout the process. If a company is experiencing low leve ls of customer satisfaction, it is imperative to work back through the gaps to find where the problem may be occurring. A good example is the car insurance service industry.In the area of insurance, the typical consumer will not understand the finer details of insurance – what premiums are, what deductibles are, and the varying types of additional coverage that can be purchased. Management might assume that the customer knows more than they do, or less than they do. This would be part of the knowledge gap. The processes they develop for service representative would not meet customers' needs very well. This would result in an overall service gap.However, if management can understand the knowledge needs of the customer, they can potentially increase sales, as the customer may come to realize that they need more in an insurance package than just the basics they were first considering. If the customer service quality is excellent from the beginning, the insurance company is able to attract a new customer, as well as increasing profits for the company from that one customer. Additionally, the company may think that since they are following internal procedures, their customer service quality is excellent.However, the company must watch its customer retention rates. If it finds that it is loosing customers, it must find out why. It is probably due to an interpretation or perception gap. Perhaps the printed material does not appeal to the target audience. Or perhaps the language the service representatives are using does not meet the customers' expectations. In either case, the overall service quality will decrease. It is therefore very important that the company constantly evaluates its level of customer satisfaction and revises its internal processes to meet customers' needs.

The Classical Theory Of Leadership - 1119 Words

The classical approach to leadership can be defined by traits such as a top down hierarchal structure, authoritarian leadership and high levels of control over operational processes. As research and study on contemporary leadership grows, new models of leadership have been developed that are defined by different traits. The first new model is that of flexible leadership. The second new model is cooperative leadership. A third model is that of social entrepreneurship. A fourth model is that of emotionally intelligent leadership. Each of these different ways to approach leadership are uniquely different from the classical approach to leadership. The first new approach is flexible leadership. In this theory, leaders can use a complementary combination of specific leadership behaviors and management systems to help control efficiency, adaptation and human resources in a company. By remaining flexible a leader can adapt to situational changes in business strategy, allowing the company int egrate new information in to their business plans. They should try to understand the systemic effects of changes to anticipate the full effect from small process changes across the company. They should also make sure that they keep their business core ideology in mind while leading to remain focused on the central goal of the company. Last leaders should work to lead by example, which means acting in visible ways to show that executives are not above the rules. The second approach toShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Organizational Management During The United States Military1545 Words   |  7 PagesStates Military Throughout history, the theory of what constitutes effective management practice has evolved with the changes and advances in technology and society. However, there are basic principles of each theory that have either influenced contemporary theory or are overtly used in today’s organizations. For example, the United States military overall ascribes to a classical organizational theory of management with an emphasis on transactional leadership. In addition, there is an immense amountRead MoreU.s. Government s Department Of Defense1238 Words   |  5 Pagesthere are leaders within the DoD who practice more lateral or flat approaches to leadership. Furthermore, the DoD has both a military side where leadership is hierarchal as well as transactional, as well as a civilian side which is much more transformational. These varying leadership approaches within the DoD s macro-level, micro-level, military, and civilian structure are all very appropriate and effective leadership appr oaches for this large organization. Furthermore, the various approaches usedRead MoreClassical Theory And Classical Management Theory1454 Words   |  6 PagesClassical Management Theory originated in the late 19th century however it became widely popular in the first half of the 20th century. During this period, business and organizations were trying to solve issues such as reducing costs, worker relations, and increase productivity and efficiency. Additionally, many businesses and organization found themselves trying to deal with employees who did not speak English. You can say this theory came about as a means to try and find the â€Å"best† solution orRead MoreClassical Viewpoint of Management1088 Words   |  5 PagesClassical management theory Classical management theory was introduced in the late 19th century. It became widespread in the first half of the 20th century, as organizations tried to address issues of industrial management, including specialization, efficiency, higher quality, cost reduction and management-worker relationships. While other management theories have evolved since then, classical management approaches are still used today by many small-business owners to build their companies and toRead MoreClassical and Humanist Management Theories Essay1669 Words   |  7 PagesFinal essay â€Å"Classical and humanist management theories have had a major influenced on modern theories of leadership. Making effective use of appropriate models and theories critically examine whether this is actually the case.† Civilization is the product of those who came before us. The evolution of today’s modern management thinking has grown and developed since nineteenth century and flourished during twentieth. The twentieth century is just part of revolution management theory which startedRead MoreThe Success Of A Business Or Organization Is Dependent On The Quality Of Leadership Within The Organization1581 Words   |  7 Pagesdependent on the quality of leadership within the organization. Leadership, defined as the action or leading/guiding a group of people or organization. The foundation of leadership is communication, an effective leader shows guidance, assigns tasks, through effective and clear communication. There are many differing leadership styles that involve different communication styles, resulting in differing levels of management/employee communication integration. Classical management theory is typified by a strictRead MoreClassical Viewpoint Of Management Essay842 Words   |  4 Pages In the classical viewpoint of management, great time and effort is put into the scientific method and scientific management. The scientific method is used in order to determine the best way to accomplishing each assigned task. The classic viewpoint also uses the theory that persons need to be scientifically selected and then trained to conduct duties. Encompassed in this viewpoint is the implication that management develop and assign all tasks, and employees are responsible for the completion ofRead MoreManagement Administrative Theory1585 Words   |  7 PagesASSIGNMENT 1 Mary Parker Follett has been described by Schermerhorn et al. as an Administrative Theorist within the Classical approach to management. However, others have seen her as ahead of her time, and have even described her as thoroughly modern . What were Mary Parker Follett s main contributions to management thought and practice; how do they relate to classical management theory and practice and how are they relevant to managers in contemporary organisations? Ever since the early of 20thRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph SchumpetersCapitalism Socialism, And Democracy1021 Words   |  5 Pagesestablishing what he sees wrong with this notion of democracy, Schumpeter then posits his own theory of democracy that is best described as â€Å"the rule of the politician.† Rule of the politician involves free competition for people’s votes, leading to politics becoming a career. Although this new theory of democracy may have significant drawbacks, this paper will assess and analyze its focus on political leadership rather than on the â€Å"incompetent masses† to draw out the insights it can offer to contemporaryRead MoreFrederick Taylor s Management As An Art1399 Words   |  6 PagesCHOOBA MATEYO. Fredrick Taylor described management as an art ,specifically the art of knowing what you want to do and finding the easiest and cheapest way to do it .(SS Gulshan,2011).His concept is considered one of the earliest theories of management, which will be further discussed in this essay. Other historian such as Henry Fayol had a different understanding ,he described it as the ability to plan ,to organize ,to command ,to coordinate and to control.(SS Gulshan,2011).In recent years the